{"id":341769,"date":"2026-01-23T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/?post_type=story&p=341769"},"modified":"2026-02-16T05:33:38","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T05:33:38","slug":"multispectral-imaging","status":"publish","type":"story","link":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/da-dk\/stories\/multispectral-imaging\/","title":{"rendered":"Multispectral Imaging with the FUJIFILM GFX100 II IR – Practical application and proof of concept with artIMAGING"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201cMaking the Invisible Visible\u201d \u2013 Creation of a multiband image dataset based on an established multispectral imaging methodology*, using the FUJIFILM GFX100 II IR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multispectral imaging \u2013 A key to new insights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Multispectral imaging is gaining increasing importance across numerous disciplines. It enables the acquisition of information that remains invisible to the human eye and to conventional photography, and supports the detailed characterisation of materials, structures, and surface properties. The resulting increase in knowledge is achieved through a contactless and non-invasive approach, making it particularly suitable for the examination of sensitive or unique objects. This opens up a wide range of applications in both research and applied science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Typical fields of application include art analysis, where underdrawings can be revealed, retouchings identified, and pigments distinguished. In forensic science, multispectral imaging enables the visualisation of latent fingerprints, the detection of document manipulation, and the analysis of trace evidence. Materials testing benefits from the ability to precisely detect fine cracks, coating defects, or inhomogeneous structures. In archaeology, the method allows the examination of sensitive artefacts and manuscripts without physical contact. All of these applications are based on the distinct absorption, reflectance, and luminescence behaviour of materials in the ultraviolet and infrared spectral ranges, which enables more precise differentiation and analysis than is possible with conventional photography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Expert<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Annette T. Keller, an expert in multispectral imaging and analytical methods, has over 25 years of experience in documentation and art diagnostics, as well as more than seven years of experience in the field of forensic analysis. Since 2000, she has maintained close collaborations with institutions and museums worldwide and has worked on internationally significant works of art. This extensive expertise enabled a well-founded assessment of the performance of the FUJIFILM GFX100 II IR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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FUJIFILM GFX100 II IR \u2013 Imaging with extended spectral sensitivity<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The FUJIFILM GFX100 II IR provides a powerful tool for this purpose: a large-format camera with 102 megapixels that delivers exceptional image quality not only in the visible range but also in the near-ultraviolet and infrared spectral regions. It offers a dynamic range of more than 14 f-stops and a 16-bit colour depth, enabling the precise capture of even the finest gradations in brightness and colour. The full functionality of the standard GFX100 II version is available, including precise autofocus, a wide range of shooting modes, and direct control via computer tethering. In addition, the camera supports industrial integration via a software development kit (SDK), allowing flexible integration into analysis and automation systems. For imaging applications, selected FUJINON GF lenses can be used, ensuring optimised imaging performance across a wide focal length range, including the near-ultraviolet and infrared spectral regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Background and Objectives<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As part of a practical test, the performance of the FUJIFILM GFX100 II IR was evaluated under realistic conditions. Individual images were acquired in various spectral ranges, assessed, and analysed with regard to their relevance for the respective applications. The test was conducted under the expert supervision of Annette T. Keller to ensure a qualified assessment of the camera and its suitability for multispectral documentation and analysis in scientific and cultural contexts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Test Setup and Image Acquisition Process<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The practical test using the FUJIFILM GFX100 II IR was based on a clearly structured setup:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 A defined workflow for the creation of a multiband stack according to the CHARISMA Manual (a systematic image series consisting of recordings from different spectral ranges, enabling comparative and comprehensive analysis)* 
\u2022 Use of different light sources and optical filters for various wavelength ranges and imaging modalities 
\u2022 Systematic testing of the extended spectral sensitivity of the camera and lenses<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Results and Findings<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The FUJIFILM GFX100 II IR demonstrated its suitability for multispectral multiband imaging during the test. The GFX system offers a range of lenses appropriate for these requirements, covering a broad focal length spectrum, including macro applications.
Various imaging modalities in reflectance and luminescence were employed using different illumination setups and spectral filtering, producing meaningful results
across a wide wavelength range. The following suitable lenses were used:
GF45mmF2.8 R WR, GF63mmF2.8 R WR, GF80mmF1.7 R WR, and GF120mmF4 R LM OIS WR Macro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Visible reflectance (VIS-R): Documentation in the visible spectral range serving as a reference basis. 
\u2022 Ultraviolet reflectance (UV-R): Observation of surface-related material properties and conditions that are not visible to the naked eye. 
\u2022 Infrared reflectance (IR-R): Visualisation of, for example, underdrawings and material differentiations that appear similar in the visible range. 
\u2022 Visible luminescence (UV-excited): Observation of materials such as varnishes and binding media based on their fluorescent properties. 
\u2022 Infrared luminescence (VIS- or UV-excited): Identification and differentiation of pigments and layers that emit in the infrared range when excited by visible or ultraviolet light.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The information contained in each image is highly multidimensional and provides significantly more relevant insight into materials, condition, painting technique, and the overall \u201creadability\u201d of the scene than conventional imaging alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Individual images of the completed stack using the different imaging modalities (\u00a9 artIMAGING, Annette T. Keller and FUJIFILM, Renate Lange):<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Visible reflectance (VIS-R_vis):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The visible image serves as a reference for locating and interpreting phenomena observed using other imaging modalities in the non-visible spectral ranges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ultraviolet reflectance (UV-R_uv):<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Observation of reflectance in the ultraviolet spectral range allows different white pigments to be distinguished. Titanium white and zinc white can be identified due to their strong absorption in the UV range, whereas lead white exhibits higher reflectance and can therefore be excluded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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