{"id":287325,"date":"2024-08-30T04:09:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T04:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/?post_type=story&#038;p=287325"},"modified":"2026-07-03T11:22:31","modified_gmt":"2026-07-03T11:22:31","slug":"digitising-eight-million-plant-and-fungal-specimensat-the-royal-botanic-gardens-kew","status":"publish","type":"story","link":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/stories\/digitising-eight-million-plant-and-fungal-specimensat-the-royal-botanic-gardens-kew\/","title":{"rendered":"Digitising eight million plant and fungal specimensat the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is home to one of the world\u2019s largest collections of plant and fungal samples, with over eight million specimens from around the world residing there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though in-person access to Kew\u2019s Herbarium and Fungarium is made freely available to researchers, it\u2019s accepted that the global scientific community would derive untold benefits from these resources being even more accessible. That is why the team at RBG Kew has taken on the colossal task of digitising their entire collection using&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/products\/cameras\/gfx100s\/\">FUJIFILM GFX100S<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/products\/lenses\/gf63mmf28-r-wr\/\">FUJINON GF63mmF2.8 R WR<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe are currently embarking on our most ambitious project to date \u2013 to complete the digitisation of over eight million plant and fungi specimens,\u201d explains Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Weech, lead digitisation operations manager at RBG Kew.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThese specimens underpin research into our greatest global challenges. Making all our images and specimens freely available online will allow people to access them from all over the world, accelerating research.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fujifilm-x.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/img_01-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-268450\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/ loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Image 2024 \u00a9 Fujifilm<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An issue of&nbsp;scale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Digitising eight million items has presented difficulties of an entirely new magnitude, explains Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne. \u201cIt has been a massive logistical operation,\u201d she notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the outset of the digitisation project, RBG Kew has had to recruit, train and supervise a sizeable team \u2013 including digitisation officers, quality assurance officers, operations, support and curation staff, team leaders and data managers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe did not close the Herbarium or Fungarium to researchers and visitors,\u201d Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne continues. \u201cHowever, this led to challenges in finding space for over 40 imaging workstations \u2013 around the building.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fujifilm-x.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/img_02-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-268451\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/ loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Image 2024 \u00a9 Fujifilm<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FUJIFILM&nbsp;GFX100S<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Requiring an imaging solution that offers extreme accuracy alongside ease of use within a scalable workflow, the team at RBG Kew gravitated towards the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/products\/gfx-series\/\">FUJIFILM GFX System<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur standard-size specimen sheets are being photographed with GFX100S cameras and the GF63mmF2.8 R WR lens,\u201d explains imaging support officer Jonny Davies. \u201cThe cameras have been mounted to lightboxes: partially encased imaging stations typically lit with Kaiser RB 555 AS LED lighting units.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe produce images for scientific research; therefore, high accuracy and resolution were two immovable factors,\u201d he points out. \u201cThe GFX100S contains a 100-megapixel large format sensor. The physical size of this sensor maximises the detail in the image, meaning when researchers use these photos, the resolution enables them to really interrogate the texture and intricate structure of the plant parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAnother factor was logistics,\u201d Jonny adds. \u201cThe imaging takes place in-situ across the Herbarium and Fungarium rather than in a controlled studio environment. The challenges, whether they be limitation of space or impact on the work of other colleagues at Kew, are partly mitigated by the small form factor of the GFX100S.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"block_285e1fe1592fdd84c47410175c9a4b09\" class=\"wp-block block-gallery-modal flex flex-col align-center\">\n    <div class=\"w-full aspect-3\/2 bg-gray-400 flex flex-col align-items items-center mb-4 relative\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"663\" height=\"915\" src=\"https:\/\/fujifilm-x.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/shootingdata_img_01-1.png?width=663&amp;height=915\" class=\"w-full h-full object-contain aspect-3\/2\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fujifilm-x.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/shootingdata_img_01-1.png?width=663 663w, https:\/\/fujifilm-x.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/shootingdata_img_01-1.png?width=217&amp;height=300 217w, https:\/\/fujifilm-x.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/shootingdata_img_01-1.png?width=365&amp;height=504 365w, https:\/\/fujifilm-x.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/shootingdata_img_01-1.png?width=600&amp;height=828 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/>        <div class=\"attachment-caption w-full text-xs text-center text-white absolute bottom-4 left-0 z-[5]\">\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <button data-target=\"modalblock_285e1fe1592fdd84c47410175c9a4b09\" class=\"openBtn border border-black mx-auto font-fjalla-one py-2 px-6\">\n        See an enlarged image of that part    <\/button>\n    <div id=\"modalblock_285e1fe1592fdd84c47410175c9a4b09\" class=\"lightbox hidden fixed z-50 left-0 top-0 w-full h-full overflow-hidden\">\n        <span class=\"close\">&times;<\/span>\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fujifilm-x.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/shootingdata_img_01_zoom-5.png\" class=\"lightbox-content object-contain m-auto\" loading=\"lazy\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\">        <div class=\"zoom-in\">+<\/div>\n        <div class=\"zoom-out\">&#8211;<\/div>\n        <div class=\"fullscreen\">[ ]<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The imaging&nbsp;process<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBecause we\u2019re imaging around the Herbarium, exposure settings differ from station to station,\u201d describes Jonny. \u201cOur apertures typically fall between F11 to F13, keeping depth-of-field sufficient to accommodate the range of specimen heights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe then balance the shutter speed and ISO against this aperture. There is some footfall around the stations, so we need to be wary of camera shake when setting the shutter speed. We keep ISO as low as possible in the circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTo maintain consistency, our images are analysed against FADGI (Federal Agencies Digital Guidelines Initiative) imaging standards, using GoldenThread NXT Software. The use of these guidelines primarily allows us to maintain consistency across a large number of stations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe aim for a three-star minimum standard \u2013 with parameter performance levels based on those used for unbound documents or paintings and two-dimensional art.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fujifilm-x.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/img_04.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-268456\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/ loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Image 2024 \u00a9 Fujifilm<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The volume of specimens which can be photographed in quick succession has been vastly increased \u2013 and the overall process simplified \u2013 by connecting each GFX100S to a dedicated computer and using software for operation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur cameras are tethered to Mac Minis and connected to Capture One,\u201d notes Jonny. He explains that digitisation officers can then employ Capture One\u2019s Live View focus assist tools to ensure optimal focus and use keyboard commands to release the shutter without touching the camera body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The file can then quickly be named using a handheld barcode scanner, before being exported, converted to TIFF and digitised using Max Communications\u2019 bespoke metadata software. \u201cThe GFX100S is such a user-friendly, unintimidating piece of equipment,\u201d adds Jonny. \u201cThis has been helpful given our digitisers do not necessarily have a photography background.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All-important technical support from a digitisation perspective is provided by project partner,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/maxcommunications.co.uk\/project\/herbarium-digitisation-at-kew\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Max Communications<\/a>, who also built the bespoke stations. The firm\u2019s proprietary cloud-based management software allows transcribing and metadata recording to be achieved in the least time-intensive way possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What&nbsp;next?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>With an archive this big, it was inevitable that some hidden treasures would be uncovered. The occasional rediscovery of specimens handled by famous Victorian-era scientists, including Charles Darwin, has punctuated the process \u2013 and these pieces of biological history present opportunities for study in many fields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe hope our data portal and information made available on GBIF (the Global Biodiversity Information Facility) will be a better resource for botanists, taxonomists, plant scientists and others in biological fields,\u201d enthuses Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With over two million specimens already available digitally on GBIF and almost 1.5 million on the Kew Data Portal as of July 2024, important research is already being carried out using the digitised archive \u2013 including a conservation project aiming to protect endangered species in the British Virgin Islands. The benefits to broader climate change research are potentially vast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe are quite excited about seeing how people will make use of the collection in other ways, of which we have not yet thought,\u201d concludes Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne. \u201cUltimately, the aim is that the digital collections will be a key element in providing new knowledge and solutions, leading to a real impact on tackling global challenges.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed alignfull is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"[B2B] Digitising 8 million plant and fungal specimens at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew \/ FUJIFILM\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wuRY3hNMhtI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is home to one of the world\u2019s largest collections of plant and fungal samples, with over eight million specimens from around the world residing there. Though in-person access to Kew\u2019s Herbarium and Fungarium is made freely available to researchers, it\u2019s accepted that the global scientific community would derive untold benefits [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":418,"featured_media":287249,"template":"","category":[13907,1202,3113,10463,1937,10169,1055,3701,3505,320,565],"post_tag":[],"b2b-solutions":[14005],"class_list":["post-287325","story","type-story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-case-studies","category-category","category-g-mount","category-gf63mmf28-r-wr","category-gfx-series","category-gfx100s","category-lenses","category-gfx-series-mirrorless","category-g-mount-prime","category-products","category-stories","b2b-solutions-archiving-research-solutions"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","acf":[],"fujifilm_category_label":"GFX100S","publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-09-19 16:02:53","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/story\/287325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/story"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/story"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/418"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/287249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=287325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=287325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_tag?post=287325"},{"taxonomy":"b2b-solutions","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujifilm-x.com\/global\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/b2b-solutions?post=287325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}